

| October - December 2008 |



| Early into my 10-year career as a corporate banker, I decided it was time to learn more about the origins and inner workings of our financial markets. A history lesson, of sorts, was in order. And what better way to learn, than to read about the various financial debacles that made headlines when I was a kid. Den of Thieves was a pretty good primer on 1980's insider trading, the rise of junk bonds as a way for companies to raise capital, and the Savings & Loan crisis. I moved on to Monkey Business, which taught me all I ever wanted to know about investment banking. Barbarians at the Gate told the story of how to buy a Fortune 500 company using massive quantities of debt. The above two books, however, have always been my personal favorites. Liar's Poker is Michael Lewis' account of his four years in the mid-1980's at Solomon Brothers, which at the time was one of the best bond trading firms on Wall Street. When Genius Failed told the story of a group of seriously intelligent guys (some had won Nobel prizes) who came up with a great idea to make a bunch of money in the early 1990's and, well, the book's title pretty much says how that all turned out. What makes these books most interesting, aside from the financial history lessons, is that they keep being written. Over....and over....and over again. I didn't bother reading any of the books about Enron-type scandals, nor will I spend much time on what will surely be an endless release of hardcovers delving into the sub-prime lending meltdown, because it's the same story: a few smart guys come up with a great idea to make themselves lots of money, they're eventually exposed as frauds, the companies they work for blow up, shareholders lose everything, CEO's are paraded in front of congress, some serve jail time, and 5 years later, rinse and repeat. These 5-year cycles have been well documented since the 1980's. But try locating a book similar to those I've listed above, published between the time of the Great Depression and the start of the Reagan years...go ahead, try. It's tough to find any financial scandals over the course of those five decades that required more than 2 pages to describe. The reason for this lies in a little something the investment bankers like to call Financial Innovation. Investment bankers, by nature, are salesmen. They sell ideas, and financially innovative ones sell best. Before the 1980's came along, government regulation kept those ideas within a compact set of parameters. But over time, the salesmen sold the ultimate idea: legislate the idea-stifling regulation out of existence. It worked, fantastically. For a solid 25 years, investment bankers dreamed up financial ideas that hadn't been possible since the 1920's. Huge fees were generated from these ideas. Derivatives, junk bonds, commodity trading, equity research, you name it. If a scandal was associated with it, Financial Innovation was there. Michael Lewis wrote Liar's Poker with the idea that he was documenting the end of days for the ridiculousness of investment banks. And it was pretty friggin' ridiculous. At my former employer, we routinely handed out six-figure incomes to 23-year-olds and only asked them for 90 hours a week designing PowerPoint presentations. Moderately experienced investment bankers were lured away from big Wall Street firms with 3-year contracts guarantying a cool $500,000 paycheck each year. Youngsters fresh out of our training program were given corporate credit cards and, on each night they stayed in the office past 7:00, were reimbursed for dinner and for $90 cab rides to their parents' houses in the suburbs. Needless to say, they all stayed past 7:00 whether they were working on anything or not. Every...single...night. Turns out Lewis' end of days prediction was still a couple decades off, but eventually the various financial innovations related to sub-prime mortgage lending would bring us to where we are today: a time when being a buyer of real estate is much more fun than being a seller. Follow-up note: after you read Liars Poker, check out an article Michael Lewis wrote shortly after the financial markets crashed in 2008. Very interesting reading, from a guy I'm not ashamed to admit is my favorite author. |


